COFFEE
ORIGIN :
Coffee hi a botanical name chu Coffea an ti a, coffee hi chi 70 vel a awm a chung zingah chuan coffea arabica leh coffea robusta hi chin lar ber te an ni. Coffea arabica hi Ethiopia Africa atanga chin chhuah a ni a, cofea robusta thung hi chu central Africa atanga chin chhuah a ni.
Coffe chin nan chuan lei tha tak thuk tawk leh hnim tawih leitha tamna leh tuiluang hul zung zung thei a tha ber a, awih lutuk lo ni thei se. Coffee chuan tlema lei thuk deuh a duh a ni.
Coffee that duhna ram chu nikang lutuk lo, chhuahchhawng kan tih leh hmarchhak chhawng ram te hi a ni. Coffee hi thingzar hnuai (shade tree) a phun chi a ni.
NURSERY :
Coffee huan siam tur chuan Nursery hi a pawimawh em em a, Nursery a that chuan huan pawh a tha tihna ang a ni. Tin, nursery hi kan huan chhungah emaw, a bul hnaiah ngei neih a tha.
Nursery hi chi hnih a awm a, chung chu Primary bed (kuitiahna) leh Secondary bed (phunsawnna) te an ni.
Primary Bed (Kuitiahna) : Coffee kuitiah dan hetiang hian lo ziak mai ila a tha ang.
1) I nursery ah chuan Coffee Board approved coffee chauh ching ang che.
2) Coffee chi chu a khup zawngin ching la, insi thapin rem rawh, nempil thuk lutuk suh ang che.
3) I chin zawhah lei dipin (balu) vur den den la, chu chu buhpawl emaw diro emaw in khuh ang che.
4) Tui hi huh kawi lutuk lovin zingah emaw tlaiah emaw leih thin ang che.
5) Coffee chu chin atanga ni 45 velah a lo tiak anga, a khuhna di/ buhpawl kha hlih kian tawh tur a ni.
6) Coffee tiak chu a chi an thawhchhuah pui hun, mahse hnah an chhuah hmain secondary bed/ polythene bag ah phun chhuah tur a ni.
Secondary Bed/ Polythene Bag :
1) Nursery te chuan chung an nei tur a ni.
2) I phunsawn na tur chu tui i leihhuh hmasa anga, thlai tiak zung hmawr sei lutuk chu i sik chhum anga, i phunna tur kha hmawlhin i hawlh kua anga, i phun dawn nia.
3) Nursery ah hian bawngek bak chu chemical fertilizer hmang lovang che.
4) Nitin zing lam emaw tlai lamah emaw tui tam lutuk lovin leih thin tur.
5) Nursery chu fai takin enkawl ang che.
Secondary Nursery atanga coffee tiak phun chhuah hi a hlawhtlin/ phun nun percentage a hniam deuh avangin polythene bag nursery hi an uar sawt hle. Hetiang nursery hi coffee huan bulhnaihah siam ni sela, thiar sawn vel a ziaawm thei a ni. Polythene bag nursery hi a tira senso a tam leh buaithlak aiin a tawp result ah chuan a thlanawm em em zawk a ni. Thil, fah, thingsia, then, khiang te hi shade atan an tha lo tih hriat tur a ni.
COFFEE HUAN RUAHMANNA :
i) Coffee huan atan hian a shade atan thing awm sa rin vek chu a tha hauh lova, mahse kihfai vek chu a tha bawk lo a ni. I huan coffee phunnan i ruahmanna, i sam hunah coffee shade (permanent shade) i phun hma leha puitlin hmaa coffee zar hlim turin a khat tawkin thing i zuah anga, a then hnah sin chite phei chu permanent shade ah pawh a tha nghal ang.
ii) I coffee phunna tur huanah chuan a ram remchandan angin fel takin kalkawng i buatsaih dawn nia.
iii) A ram awih dan a zirin contour terrace 6ft - 8ft danah 3ft vela zau laih tur a ni. Heihi leilung venhinna atan leh coffee huan kan enkawl chhung zawnga veivahna atan a ni.
iv) Contour terrace ah chuan coffee phunna tur khur feet1 bial 8ft danah laih tur a ni.
Chutichuan huan hectare khatah coffee kung 2000 a leng bawk ang. Khur kha lei chunglang hang tha a vur leh tur ani. Tichuan i khur hnawhkhah ah chuan hmawlhte i vitbur anga, coffee phun theihin i huan i buatsaih zo ta.
COFFEE PHUN :
i) I huanah chuan coffee tiak hrisel tha leh than tha nursery ami chauh phun ang che.
ii)A theih hram chuan polythene seedling chu a lei paih lovin phun ang che. Coffee phun hi hmanhmawh lo la, ni khatah tlem deuh pawh phun mahla, i coffee phun a nunthat chuan a lawmawm zawk, July/ August thla thleng pawn phun mahla a pawi lo.
iii) I coffee chu thli chhem awn/ nghin veng turin thing tuaite deuhin vihkalh ang che. Tin, i phunna turah shade a that tawk loh chuan nisa laka veng turin zar hlim ang che.
iv) Coffee tiak i phunin a zung phum thlep loh tur a ni.
SHADE TREE LEH A ENKAWL DAN :
Shade tree atan hian temporary atan Fartuah hling neilo a tha hle a, mahse hei hi permanent shade a ni lo tih hriat tur a ni. Permanent shade tur atan chuan heng thing Silver Oak te, Hmawng chi te Lamkhuang, Hriangpui te an tha.
Shade tree hi ngun taka enkawl a ngai a, fur laiin shade a mamawh tlem a, thal laiin a mamawh tam ve thung a, chuvangin shade tree te kha fur dawnah a zar an thlak then a, khua a lo thal dawn chuan buk tha takin a lo chawr leh thin a ni.
TOPPING OF COFFEE :
Kan coffee phun kha feet 2½ - 3 an lo nihin a zik an tan thin a, hei hi coffee topping an ti, coffee thang sang zel tur venna a ni.
DE SUCKERING :
A awmzia chu ‘Ar khel’ kan tih paih hi a ni. Hei hi paih zel loh chuan kan coffee kha a rah a lo tlemin a lo te a coffee kungin a tuar thin a ni.
TRAINING/ CENTERING :
Coffee kha kum 3 emaw kum 4 emaw an lo nih khan a zara chang awm atang khan a tang dang a lo chawr chhuak leh a, hei hi a lo ro a, tin, a ro loh pawhin boruak leh ni eng te a hnuai lam ami a hliah thei a, chuvangin coffee rah a lo that zawk nan hetianga a chang chawr hi paihthawl tur a ni.
COFFEE RAH LAWH LEH A TIHRO DAN :
Coffee quality tha nei tur chuan a hmasa berin a tha chauh lawh thin tur a ni, a hmin tha leh a hel kan lo rual tur a ni lo. Coffee rah lawh hun hi a tlangpuiin November thla tawp lam atangin December thla pumte an ni.
Coffee lawh dan round hrang hrang a awm angin coffee quality pawh a in siam nghal a ni. Kan coffee rah te chu pulping machine ah kan kheh fai anga, clean coffee bean packing a ni ngei tur a ni.
