RUBBER
Rubber hi a botanical name chu Havea brasilensis a ni a, Amazon ngawpui (Brazil) atanga chin chhuah a ni. Thil siamna Industry atana ‘raw material’ pawimawh ber pawl a ni a, Industry atanga thil siamchhuah chi hrang 50000 chu rubber kung hnai atang siam leh hmuh a ni. Rubber hi India ram Economy khawih pha ‘plantation crop’ pawimawh tak a ni.
India Sorkar laipuiin Rubber hmun zau zawk siam a tumna lamah ram ruak awmna North East 8 State a lo lang a. Chutah kan Mizoram ngei pawh alo ni ta zel a. Tunlai chhanah Rubber chin hi thil hlawk a lo tling leh ta bawk vei nen, nasa lehzuala mizote pawhin tan kan lak a ngai a ni. A hlawkna kan um vanga Rubber huan siam tur kan nih laiin; hna (employment) thawh tur lamah kan thalai te nasa takin kan pui thei dawn a ni.
India ram hi khawvela natural rubber thar chhuak tam ber 4-na a ni a, khawvela natural rubber tharchhuah 9% a hauh a, India rama rubber tharchhuah 88% chu farmer ten an (0.5Ha. emaw a aia zau) neite tharchhuah niin, a bak zawng chu Rubber huan zau zawk nei (20 Ha. aia zau ram nei) te tharchhuah a ni.
Rubber plantation sector hian mi nuai 4 vel tan eizawnna a siamsak a, chung zinga mi tam zawk te chu hmeichhia an ni lehnghal a. Rubber chin hi kan boruak leh chhehvel (environment) siamthat nan pawh a tangkai hle a ni.
India hmarchhak State zingah Tripura a thar tam ber niin, kumtin 16,322 MT an thar a, kumtin an tharchhuah a pung deuh deuh lehnghal. Kan ram dep mai a ni bawk vei nen, chona lian tak zawng a ni.
I. SIK LEH SA A MAMAWH DAN :
Rubber kung hian ruahtui tamtawk mumal taka a insem darhna (2000-3000mm) leh boruak hnawng 80% leh sik leh sa 20oC - 34oC a mamawh a. Khawvawt hian an than a tithu a, rubber hnai tur (latex) a tibuai, ‘tapping’ ah harsatna a siam a ni.
Rubber chinna ram chu leihang/ hnim tawih tam na hmun ni thei sela, chubakah tlema lei thaw deuh tui in thlithlawr theih zung zung na leh lei thur lampang deuh pawh ni sela a pawilo. Balu lei erawh chu hel hram hram a tha.
II. RUBBER CHINNA TUR RAM BUATSAIH :
i) Rubber chinna tur ram chu vah fai a hal tur a ni.
ii) Lo hal fai zawh tawh hnu hian ram awih tlan dan a zirin contour terrace 20-24ft danah 3ft vela zauin lei luangral tur leh hnawng humhalh nan laih tur a ni.
iii) Khur 2.5ft a thuk 2.5ft a zau contour terracer ah 10 ft inkarah rubber phunna tur laih a, lei chunglang hang tha leh ran zun leh ek chawhpawlh a vur tel tur a ni.
iv) Budded Rubber Stump phun dawn chuan Ha 1 ah rubber kung 450 vel phun tur a ni a.
v) Rubber huan hi tihhnawng tur leh rubber phun thar ten daihlim an neih theih nan Balhla kung 200 atanga 500 (cover crop) atan phun tur a ni. Heng Balhla te hian hnim an tihnem bakah, huan neitute tan income tha tak a siamsak thei bawk a ni.
Rubber huan siam dawn hian uluk deuh a duan hmasak a pawimawh a, a chhan chu kan rubber huan chu kum 30 zet kan enkawl chho dawn a ni tih hi hriat reng a ngai a ni. Leilung a luan ral a, lei hangtha a zawh mai loh nan contour terrace kha harsa in hautak deuh pawh nise, laih ngei tur a ni. Hetianga terrace kan laih thlap chuan a hnai a lo hunin chetvel a ti awlsam em em a ni.
III. PLANTING MATERIAL
Rubber huan siam tute tana pawimawh em em chu Rubber phun tur variety kha a ni. Tun hnaia research an beihna ah chuan heng variety RRII 100, RRII 200, RRII 400 leh RRIM 600 te hi a thar hlawk zual te an ni.
IV. NURSERY :
Plantation a phun tur siam chhuah hi hna hautak tak a ni. Rubber chi chu August - September thla ah lakkhawm a, Nursery a dah nghal tur a ni.
i) Germination Beds :
Hetah hian kui hmasak phawt tur a ni a, chutah chuan rubber chu insi thapa dah a buara emaw di in khuh tur a ni. Tui hnawng tawka leih reng tur a ni. Chumu hnuah a tiak apiang chu secondary bed a phun chhuah nghal tur a ni.
ii) Secondary Beds :
Hetah hian rubber tiak hlim kha inches 9 danah line fel tak siamin phun tur a ni. Bawngek lei tha te pawlh a, tui ni tin pek tur a ni.
iii) Plantation a phun tur siamchhuah dan :
Nursery ah hian thla 12 - 16 vela nihin phun chhuah theih tura ngaih a ni a. Kutzungpui tiat ang vela thang hman tura ngaih a ni.
a) Budded Stump : Thing rah reng reng a bik takin Rubber a chi atanga tiak te hian a kungpui that ang hi kawng engkimah an phak thei tawh ngai lova. Chuvang chuan rubber kung tha, hnai tam leh hrisel mit kha nursery a tiak ah khan an bel thin a, chumi atanga lo chawr chhuak chu an zuah thin a ni. Hetianga an tih hian a kungpui thatna ang chiah kha a chhawm thin a ni.
b) Polybag Planting : Secondary a rubber kan tih tiah tawh a mit bel tawh te chu polythene bag 8’ x 16’ a lian a lei muk tha taka thun khah a phun sawn tur a ni. Ngun taka tui leihin a thanthat theih nan theih tawk chhuah tur. A lo nung tha ta tihah a zung la buai lovin rubber phunna tur khurah fimkhur taka phun tur a ni. Hetianga tih hi a buaithlak duh nain Rubber huana kan phunchhuah kha a nung kimin a than pawh chawl chuang lovin a awm a, a tha duh bik a ni. Polythene bag a kan khawi kumah plantation a phun hman a ni dawn lo tih hriat reng tur a ni.
V. RUBBER HUAN ENKAWL DAN :
Rubber hi phun tirh atangin uluk taka enkawl tur a ni a, a tir atanga enkawl that hian a hlawhtlinna kawngro thui takin a hril a ni.
i) Mulching (khuh hawn) :
Rubber phun tharte chu an la tet avang leh an nun that theih nan an bul velah hnimhnah hring emaw hnimhnah ro emaw in a bul lei vel kan khuhhnawng tur a ni.
ii) Leitha :
Rubber chu thang tha tur chuan leitha leh chaw tha a mamawh hle a, chuvangin phun atanga kum 1na leh kum 4na thlengin an mamawh Nitrogen, Phosphorous te Potassium te leh bawngek te pek thin tur a ni.
iii) Hlo thlawh :
Rubber huan thlawhfai hi thil tul leh tih ngei ngei tur a ni a, rubber phun hlimte chu an bul vel a hnim nen hnawngte, ni engte, thlai chawte an in chuh avang leh heng hnimte hian natna hrik an thehdarh avangin thlawhfai hi tih makmawh a ni.
iv) Natna hrik leh rannung laka ven :
Rubber thingte hi natna hrik engemaw zatin a bei ve thin a, Chuvangin insecticides leh fungicides damdawi hmangte a kah thin tur a ni.
v) Inter Cropping :
Rubber chin atanga kum hnih chhung chu Rubber te an la tet avangin rubber huan awlah te chuan rubber thanna tibuai chuang silo thlai dangte tan hmun a siam theih a. Inter crop atan hian balhla lek lakhuihthei bak chu Soil & Water Conservation Department, Mizoram chuan a recommend tehchiam lo a ni.
vi) Rubber than dan :
Rubber phun tharte an nun chian tawh chuan an thang nghal thuai thuai a, phun atanga kum 7 naah chuan a tlangpuiin rubber kungte chu a tlem berah 50 cm dia lo ni tawhin an hnai theih der tawh an ni.
YIELD :
Sawi tawh ang khan kum 7 an nih atangin lo hnai tanin kum 11 an nih thlengin kum tinin a hnai tharchhuah a pung zel a, kum 11-12 ah an hnai punna lo chawlin a hnai tharchhuah kum tinin a pangngai tawh a ni. Rubber chu kum 40 chhung chu hnai theih tura ngaih a ni a, a tlangpuiin kan sawi tawh ang khan kum 7 atanga 11 inkarah a hnai a pung chho a hetiangin :900g, 1150g, 1500g, 1600g leh 1800g hemi hnuah hi chuan a pangngai tawh a ni.
